HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN POROUS AND DISPERSIVE MEDIA APPLICATION OF THE DEPRESSURIZATION METHOD
IN HIGH-TEMPERATURE OSCILLATING DRYING
OF LARGE-SIZE LUMBER PRODUCTS
V. P. Kozhin and N. M. Gorbachev UDC 674.047
This paper presents the results of experimental studies of accelerated drying of pine lumber products (poles,
supports, structural elements, etc.) of diameter up to 0.2 m. The heat treatment time in the oscillating regime
of depressurization is from 8 to 35 h depending on the parameters of the lumber and on its initial and final
moisture. A good quality of drying has been achieved.
Keywords: accelerated drying, large-size lumber products, depressurization.
MATHEMATICAL STUDY OF HYDROCYCLONE DISPERSED PHASE SEPARATION IN CLEARING VISCOPLASTIC DRILLING FLUIDS
O. V. Matvienko and E. V. Evtyushkin UDC 621.928.37
On the basis of rheodynamic equations, a numerical investigation of the flow structure of a viscoplastic fluid
and dispersed phase separation in a hydrocyclone has been carried out. The proposed mathematical model
will make it possible to calculate the separation indices and the velocity, pressure, and particle density fields
in the apparatus.
Keywords: hydrocyclone, separation, viscoplastic fluid, mathematical modeling, multiphase flows.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF THE HEAT TREATMENT AND COMBUSTION OF A COAL PARTICLE. II. DRYING STAGE
Kh. Enkhzhargala and V. V. Salomatovb UDC 621.311
This article is a continuation of the previous article in which, with the aid of mathematical modeling, the regime
of radiative-convective heating of a coal particle was studied in detail and which was devoted to an
analysis of the stage of coal drying, very important in the general picture of coal combustion. The process of
coal drying is formulated as the nonlinear Stefan problem with a moving liquid-vapor phase change interface.
The rate and time of coal particle drying, the temperature distribution inside a particle, and other parameters
of the process have been found approximately analytically depending on the regime of heat supply. A parametric
analysis of the influence of physical and regime factors on the dynamics of drying as an integral part
of heat treatment of a fuel for its ignition and combustion has been carried out.
Keywords: coal, combustion, heating, drying, burning, coke residual, mathematical model, evaporation.
EQUATIONS OF THE KINETICS OF DROPLET FRAGMENTATION IN A HIGH-SPEED GAS FLOW
A. G. Girin UDC 532.529.6
For the conditions of a high-speed gas flow, within the framework of the model of quasi-continuous fragmentation
of a droplet due to the mechanism of gradient instability, a differential equation of mass loss has been
obtained. Within the approximation of the droplet sphericity, the law of variation of its mass, which depends
on droplet acceleration by the gas stream, as well as the conditions and time of complete fragmentation of
the droplet, have been found. A differential equation for the quantity of torn off droplets, has been obtained.
In the event of equality between the rates of dispersion and relaxation equalization of the droplet and gas
flow velocities, the size distribution functions of the number and mass of torn off droplets, as well as the values
of the modal radius and total number of torn off droplets, have been found.
Keywords: gradient instability, dispersion, kinetics equation, law of mass variation, size distribution of droplets.
ON CERTAIN REGIMES OF INCLUSION DRIFT IN ACOUSTIC FIELDS
D. A. Gubaidullin and P. P. Osipov UDC 539.37
The inclusion drift in acoustic fields is investigated by analytical methods. A formula for the total force acting
on a spherical inclusion with allowance for the compressibility of the carrier phase and the inclusion is obtained.
A formula for the frequency after which the total force changes its direction is derived. The total-force
directional diagram proposed by the authors earlier is refined.
Keywords: particle drift, forces in acoustic wave fields.
MODELING OF IRON SCALE REDUCTION BY METHANE CONVERSION PRODUCTS IN A PLASMA JET. I. THERMODYNAMIC MODELING
B. B. Khinaa and P. S. Grinchukb UDC 544.536.46:541.128
We have performed thermodynamic modeling of the reduction of iron scale (production waste of metallurgy
and machine-building) by products of incomplete conversion of methane in oxygen for developing a process
of obtaining iron powder with the use of a plasma jet. We have calculated the equilibrium composition of
the gas phase and condensed interaction products at various temperatures and initial compositions of the
reducing medium. The optimal process parameters providing reduction of scale to pure iron, i.e., the temperature
range, the methane/oxygen ratio in the gaseous medium, and the scale/gas mixture mass ratio, have
been determined.
Keywords: iron scale, scale reduction, thermodynamic simulation.
THERMAL CALCULATION OF THE EJECTION COOLING TOWER AND METHOD OF IMPROVING ITS EFFICIENCY
A. A. Brin and A. I. Petruchik UDC 536.423.4
A mathematical model for thermal calculation of the ejection cooling tower has been proposed. New data on
the effect of the air flow rate, meteorological conditions, heat load, and water pressure in the water distribution
system of the cooling tower on the spray characteristics and water cooling have been obtained. A novel
method of improving the efficiency of the ejection cooling tower has been developed.
Keywords: evaporative cooling, ejection cooling tower, thermal calculation, water distribution system, efficiency
improvement.
CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF EVAPORATIVE COOLING OF DROPLETS IN HIGH-TEMPERATURE
FLOWS
A. A. Brin, S. P. Fisenko,
and Yu. A. Khodyko
UDC 536.423.4
Numerical investigation of the evaporative cooling of water droplets in a high-temperature gas flow (temperature
above 1000oC) has been carried out for two limiting regimes: a continuous medium and a free-molecular
regime. The results of modeling have shown that with a small content of water vapor in the flow, due to evaporative
cooling the droplet temperature attains a stationary value that is lower than the stream temperature
by hundreds of degrees.
Keywords: heat transfer coefficient, droplet temperature, flow reactor, thermophoresis.
INVESTIGATION OF THE PROPAGATION OF POLLUTANTS IN WATER RESERVOIRS
Sh. A. Kerimova UDC 539.376
A mathematical model for investigating the problem of the propagation of pollutants in water reservoirs on
salvoed (instantaneous) discharge is suggested. To calculate dilution, a method developed on the basis of the
equation of turbulent diffusion in cylindrical coordinates is suggested. The method allows one to determine the
concentration of pollutants at an arbitrary distance from the place of their discharge. The conditions for the
formation of local pollution zones in a water reservoir are considered.
Keywords: simulation, pollution, water reservoirs, discharge, sewage, pollutants, diffusion, propagation of
impurities.
MODELING OF THE SOLID–LIQUID BUBBLE INTERFACE IN PARTIAL NUCLEATE BOILING
M. E. Hocine Benhamza and Fella Chouarfa UDC 536.423
Several models of heat transfer in partial nucleate boiling are identified in order to determine the relationship
between the dominant physical parameters. The correlations are different for different models, so the main
goal of this analysis is to determine the validity of each model and to identify the most dominant physical
phenomenon in the nucleate boiling heat transfer. This is done by comparing the results of different models
with a vast range of reliable experimental data. The comparison shows that the Sakashita and Kumada model
gives the best results in the nucleate boiling heat transfer. It is also shown that the most dominating phenomenon
in isolated partial bubbles zones is the transient conduction taking place mainly under the bubbles.
This is in contradiction with a majority of the models that consider convection as the most important mode
in the nucleate boiling heat transfer. The selected model can also be extrapolated and used in the case of
fully developed bubbles zones.
Keywords: partial nucleate boiling, bubble detachment, heat transfer model.
EFFECT OF DYNAMIC COUPLING IN THE FORMATION–WELL SYSTEM ON THE EFFICIENCY OF A DEEP-WELL
PUMPING UNIT
E ′. M. Abbasov UDC 622.276;532.546
A mathematical model of dynamic coupling in the formation–well system is constructed, and on the basis of
theoretical investigations the effect of this coupling on the efficiency of a deep-well pumping unit is determined.
An expression for the fluid inflow to the well in unit time with allowance for the dynamic formation–
pump coupling is obtained. The pressure distribution in the formation is determined. It is found that with a
rise in the dynamic level of fluid in the hole annulus the oscillating component of the fluid inflow to the well
increases.
Keywords: filtration, Bessel function, dynamic level, deep-well pumping unit, dynamic coupling, formation, well,
external boundary, pressure.
ON THE EFFICIENCY OF CERTAIN POPULAR METHODS USED IN CALCULATION OF DRYING PROCESSES
M. M. Razin UDC 542.47/664.047(031)
A theoretical analysis of a number of calculation methods widely used in modeling of drying is presented; the
limitation of the methods by the narrow framework of operating parameters is noted. The latter makes it difficult
to apply them to solution of current problems of optimization of processes.
Keywords: drying, methods, temperature curves, kinetic equation, equilibrium.
HEAT CONDUCTION AND HEAT TRANSFER IN TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES HEAT CONDUCTION EQUATION IN FRACTIONAL-ORDER DERIVATIVES
A. B. Alkhasov, R. P. Meilanov,
and M. R. Shabanova
UDC 536.2.01
Based on the heat conduction equation in fractional-order derivatives, the influence of the nonlocality of the
heat conduction equation in time and space on temperature distribution in media with fractal structure is investigated.
The cases of an infinite and semibounded straight line are considered.
Keywords: fractal structure, fractional-order derivatives, nonlocal heat conduction equation, Mittag-Leffler function,
temperature distribution.
MODELING OF THE TEMPERATURE FIELD OF THE CASTING LADLE LINING
A. V. Zabolotsky UDC 536.248.1/519.688
We propose a method for calculating the temperature field of the casting ladle lining by a modified relaxation
method. Given such initial data as the metal temperature in the ladle, the ambient temperature, and the lining
structure, this method permits calculating the stationary temperature fields both inside the lining and on the
surface of the ladle jacket. The model was tested by comparing experimentally measured temperature values
on the surface of the ladle jacket with calculated temperatures. A satisfactory agreement between calculated
and experimental temperature values of the ladle surface has been obtained.
Keywords: temperature field, casting ladle, lining, heat transfer, mathematical model.
IDENTIFICATION OF REINFORCEMENT STRUCTURES
OF COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTIONS FROM THE RESULTS OF THERMOPHYSICAL EXPERIMENTS ON STEADY-STATE TEMPERATURE FLUCTUATIONS
A. P. Yankovskii UDC 536.21
The problem of identification of reinforcement structures of thin-walled composite construction from the results
of experiments on steady-state temperature fluctuations in them has been formulated. The particular case
of shells of revolution with axisymmetric reinforcement structures has been investigated. The reinforcement
structure of a cylindrical shell has been reconstructed under pseudoactual experimental conditions. Satisfactory
accuracy of identification of the reinforcement structure and the effective thermal conductivities has been
demonstrated.
Keywords: composites, reinforcement structure, identification, inverse problems, heat conduction.
TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS AND HEAT SUPPLY OF APARTMENTS IN AN APARTMENT HOUSE WITH INDIVIDUAL REGULATORS
L. N. Danilevskii UDC 697.133
This paper presents the results of mathematical modeling of the values of the temperature and the heat source
power in apartments of an apartment house with individual regulators. It has been shown that for the existing
structures of buildings the heat transfer between apartments with individual thermoregulation strongly influences
the values of the heat source power established in apartments in the process of regulation. Without
changing the total heating load of the building, this process leads to considerable deviations of readings of
the thermal energy meters in apartments from the thermal energy actually consumed for their heating. This
fact throws doubt upon the expediency of installing individual calorimeters in an apartment house with thermoregulation
in each apartment.
Keywords: heat source power, heat transfer, heat flow, heat supply, regulation, account, air temperature, enclosure
structure, separation walls, floors.
INVESTIGATION OF HIGH-TEMPERATURE REGIMES AND HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER OF ELECTRIC-CURRENT-HEATED TUNGSTEN CONDUCTORS
S. G. Orlovskaya, F. F. Karimova,
and M. S. Shkoropado
UDC 536.46
We have solved the stationary heat conduction problem for a metallic conductor heated by electric current
with account for the various mechanisms of heat exchange with the environment. The expressions for the conductor
temperature distribution along its length with account for the heat exchange with the gas and for the
temperature dependence of resistance have been found in analytical form. By means of physicomathematical
modeling the temperature profiles along the length of tungsten conductors with account for the chemical reaction
on their surface have been obtained. They are in good agreement with experimental results.
Keywords: high-temperature heat and mass transfer, brightness temperature, temperature field, metals, tungsten,
oxidation kinetics.
HYDROGASDYNAMICS IN TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSES METHOD OF STRAIGHT-THROUGH CALCULATION FOR SOLVING BOUNDARY-LAYER EQUATIONS AT AN ARBITRARY INTENSITY OF GAS BLOWING THROUGH THE BODY SURFACE
E. G. Vatolina, V. V. Gorskii,
N. A. Gorskaya, and A. A. Olenicheva
UDC 533.16
A method of straight-through calculation for solving boundary-layer equations is suggested. It preserves stability
at an arbitrary intensity of gas blowing through the body surface. The results of systematic investigations
of heat transfer and friction in an air boundary layer on a permeable wall in the vicinity of the critical
point of a sphere are presented, obtained by the indicated method in the perfect gas approximation.
Keywords: heat transfer, friction, laminar boundary layer, critical point, impermeable surface, gas blowing.
FLOW AND CONJUGATE HEAT EXCHANGE IN A ROTATING CAVITY WITH AN AXIALLY SUPPLIED WORKING MEDIUM
K. N. Volkov UDC 532.529
Numerical modeling of the turbulent flow and conjugate heat exchange in a cavity bounded by a rotor and a
stator is carried out. Coupled thermal calculations are based on the unsteady heat-conduction equation describing
the temperature distribution within a solid and Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations closed
using the k–ε turbulence model, which allow calculation of the velocity, pressure, and temperature distributions
in the fluid-filled region. The space-time distributions of the temperature and the heat flux on the metal–
fluid interface are obtained in two- and three-dimensional formulations of the problem on a structured and an
unstructured grid.
Keywords: conjugate heat exchange, cavity, numerical modeling, turbulence.
UNSTEADY GASDYNAMICS OF A LINEAR CASCADE OF AIRFOILS EXECUTING SMALL HARMONIC VIBRATIONS
K. N. Volkov UDC 532.529
Numerical modeling of inviscid compressible gas flow past a linear cascade of airfoils executing small harmonic
translational and rotational vibrations is carried out. The control volume method on moving unstructured
grid structures is used for discretization of basic equations. The influence of the frequency and phase
characteristics of the airfoils on the pressure distribution over their surface and the lift coefficient is investigated.
The results of numerical calculations are compared to the available calculated and experimental data.
Keywords: airfoil cascade, unsteady flow, numerical modeling.
FLOW IN THE WORKING SECTION OF A TRANSONIC WIND TUNNEL
S. K. Betyaev UDC 532.526.5
The features of the gas flow in the working section of a transonic wind tunnel have been considered. On the
basis of the method of joining asymptotic expansions and the theory of detached zones mathematical models of
the flow are proposed. The flow over a perforation and transverse and longitudinal slots has been investigated.
In the latter case, a nonstationary and a stationary analogy with a two-dimensional flow are stated. A deflector
— a new device for reflecting shocks — is proposed. The problems are discussed.
Keywords: transonic velocity, working section, circulation zone, perforation, deflector.
ASYMPTOTIC ANALYSIS OF THE SMALL-SCALE STRUCTURE OF THE LAMINAR BOUNDARY LAYER WITH SUCTION
S. K. Betyaev UDC 532.526.2
Unwanted regimes of boundary layer suction when organized vortex structures known from experience arise
have been determined. To this end, we performed an inspection analysis of the three-scale problem of the flow
past a perforated boundary on the assumption that the inner scale equal to the perforation period is small
compared to the outer scale characterizing the global problem. An asymptotic classification of suction regimes
is given. The classical boundary layer problem — moderate suction — has been investigated in detail.
Keywords: boundary layer suction, Reynolds number, Navier–Stokes equation, Helmholtz scheme, boundary
layer blowing-off.
THERMOCHEMICAL DESTRUCTION OF CARBON-PHENOL MATERIAL IN A HIGH-ENTHALPY PULSATING
GAS FLOW
A. N. Golovanov and A. S. Yakimov UDC 536.245.022
Mathematical and physical modeling of thermochemical destruction of a heat-shielding material under the action
of a high-temperature pulsating gas flow has been considered.
Keywords: heat-shielding material, pulsating gas flow, thermochemical destruction.
DETERMINATION OF THE FREE BOUNDARY OF THE LUBRICANT LAYER OF A FERROFLUID BEARING
P. P. Kuzhir, P. G. Kuzhir, G. I. Gul’kov,
and A. L. Rudenya
UDC 621.822.172:537.84
The free boundary of the lubricant layer of a ferrofluid bearing under the action of a magnetic field and
static load has been determined. The solution has been obtained by simultaneously integrating the Reynolds
equation and the equation of free boundary using a method of expansion in a small parameter, namely, the
eccentricity of a shaft. It has been shown that the magnetic field forms free boundaries of the lubricant layer
and reduces the cavitation bubble, thus hindering the lubricant flowing out from the bearing.
Keywords: ferrofluid bearing, ferrofluid, mathematical model, lubricant layer, pressure distribution.
TURBULENT FLUID FLOWS IN A CIRCULAR PIPE AND PLANE CHANNEL AND MODELS OF MESOSCALE TURBULENCE*
V. A. Babkina and V. N. Nikolaevskiib UDC 532.517.4
Based on the model of anisotropic wall turbulence in the near-wall layer and the momentum model in the
flow core, velocity profiles in the entire region of the turbulent flow of an incompressible fluid in a circular
pipe and plane channel have been obtained. The differences in the profiles among the layers are due to the
change in the structure of turbulent vortices.
Keywords: vortex structures, mesoscale turbulence, wall turbulence, mometum model, pipe and channel flows.
MISCELLANEA
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF THE WINDING ANGLE OF GLASS FIBER ON THE FREQUENCIES OF FREE
VIBRATIONS OF A SHELL MADE OF GLASS-REINFORCED PLASTIC UNDER NONSYMMETRIC BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
S. M. Bosyakov and Wang Zhi Wei UDC 539.3
Calculated results for the frequencies of free vibrations of a cylindrical anisotropic shell made of oriented
glass-reinforced fiber are presented, which are based on the Rayleigh–Ritz method. Elastic properties of a
shell depend on the orientation of glass fiber and are determined by six elastic moduli. Boundary conditions
correspond to fixation of one end and hinge support of the other end of a shell. Numerical results in the form
of dependences of the frequencies of free vibrations on the winding angle of glass fiber for various parameters
of wave formation and ratios of geometric dimensions of a shell are obtained for fabric glass-reinforced
plastic.
Keywords: cylindrical shell, glass-reinforced plastic, Rayleigh–Ritz method, frequency of free vibrations.
ON A POSSIBLE MECHANISM OF INSTABILITY OF PLASTIC DEFORMATION OF METALS
AND ALLOYS AT 4.2 K
M. E. Bosin,a V. A. Desnenko,b
and V. N. Nikiforenkoa
UDC 548.4.620:539.4:660.017
The fine structure of spontaneous deformation jumps and jumps initiated by both the shock action on a deformation
device and a strong fast-changing magnetic field (up to 2.7 MA ⁄ m) has been investigated in metals
and alloys at liquid-helium temperatures. Oscillography of the signals of changes in the load on the sample
and of acoustic emission has made it possible to reveal the relationship between types of jumps and postulate
on the mechanism of their appearance.
Keywords: stepwise deformation, fast process, acoustic emission, magnetic field, cracking.
INTERVAL VECTORS AND TENSORS IN APPLIED ENGINEERING PROBLEMS
M. G. Boyarshinov UDC 519.6:152.972
In constructing interval vectors and tensors, the requirement of invariance of these objects under transformation
of the system of coordinates is taken into account. For illustrations, interval scalars, vectors, and tensors
are used in solving the simplest engineering problems of deformable solid mechanics to construct distributions
of displacements, strains, and stresses, including residual ones, satisfying the conditions of elastic adaptivity
(J. Zarka methods).
Keywords: intervals, scalars, vectors, tensors, interval operations, adaptibility, plastic strains, residual stresses.
ANALYSIS OF WAVE MOTION AT THE BOUNDARY SURFACE OF ORTHOTROPIC THERMOELASTIC MATERIAL WITH VOIDS AND ISOTROPIC ELASTIC HALF-SPACE
Rajneesh Kumar and Rajeev Kumar UDC 536.21
The purpose of this research is to study the effect of voids on the surface wave propagation in a layer of orthotropic
thermoelastic material with voids lying over an isotropic elastic half-space. The frequency equation
is derived on the basis of the developed mathematical model under the boundary conditions for welded and
smooth contacts. The dispersion curves giving the phase velocity and attenuation coefficient versus the wave
number enable one to reveal the effects of voids and anisotropy for welded contact boundary conditions. The
specific loss and amplitudes of the volume fraction, normal stress, and temperature change for welded contact
are obtained and presented graphically for a particular model showing the voids and anisotropy effects. Some
special cases are also deduced.
Keywords: wave motion; orthotropic material; voids; isotropic elastic half-space; phase velocity; attenuation
coefficient.
RADIATION-INDUCED DEFECTS IN InPSn SINGLE CRYSTALS IRRADIATED WITH 60Co GAMMA QUANTA
Sh. Sh. Rashidova UDC 621.315.592
The process of formation of antistructural defects in tin-doped InP crystals exposed to irradiation with gamma
quanta of dose 10–100 kGy has been investigated by the radioluminescence method. It has been found that
an activation energy of level 0.26 eV is favorable for obtaining semi-insulating indium phosphide.
Keywords: antistructural defect, radiothermoluminescence method, activation energy.